What is Psychodynamic Attachment-Based Family Therapy?
Two Lovers, Painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1850
Psychodynamic Attachment-Based Family Therapy is an approach that draws from both psychodynamic theory and attachment theory to address emotional and relational difficulties within families. It focuses on how early relational experiences, especially with primary caregivers, influence an individual and impact their ability to form secure, supportive relationships. This therapy looks to uncover unconscious patterns that influence present-day behaviour and family dynamics through identifying and exploring these early experiences.
A key component of this approach is the emphasis on repairing attachment ruptures between family members. The therapist works to create a safe emotional environment where family members can begin to express previously unspoken feelings, such as fear, shame, resentment, exhaustion, etc. Individuals can then learn strategies on how to articulate their needs and vulnerabilities in ways that promote empathy and understanding through this open dialogue. This process can be especially healing for adolescents and young adults who are struggling with feelings of rejection or alienation from their parents or caregivers.
Busy Street in a German Town, Painting by Jacques Carabain, 2012
Psychodynamic principles play a large role in helping patients become aware of defense mechanisms and unconscious patterns that maintain emotional distress. These insights are not only used to deepen self-understanding but also to improve communication and responsiveness within the family unit. The therapeutic relationship itself is seen as a corrective emotional experience that emphasizes trust and allows old patterns to be challenged and reworked.
This model is particularly effective in addressing issues such as adolescent depression, anxiety, trauma, and family conflict. The therapist supports caregivers in becoming emotionally available and responsive, while also helping young people feel safe enough to re-engage with their families. As attachment bonds are strengthened, the family can move on from cycles of misunderstanding and withdrawal to patterns of connection and support.
Ultimately, Psychodynamic Attachment-Based Family Therapy recognizes that emotional problems rarely exist in isolation and must be understood within the context of family history, relational patterns, and unmet attachment needs. This type of therapy can help create change in how members relate to themselves and to each other through addressing the underlying emotions within families.